survey research

Bima Teresna Alisandi

07360201

IV-D

1.  Title           :

The Student Perception toward ESP Program at Muhammadiyah University of    Malang

2.  Research Question       :          

What is student perception toward ESP program at Muhammadiyah University of Malang?

3. Research Design

The design of this study was descriptive research. As stated by Adler and Clark in Aminah (2007), descriptive research is designed to describe groups, activities, or events, with a focus on structure, attitudes, and behavior. One of characteristic of the descriptive research is that there is no control of treatment as it is around in experimental research. Base on the time dimension the researcher use cross – sectional design. According to Nurdini (2006) Cross – sectional design is research design that is used to collect the data at one point in a time from a sample selected to describe a larger population.

4. Population and Sample

            The researcher use a sample survey of intangible because the study is about perception. According to Donald Ary (2009) “Researcher uses sampling techniques and uses the information they collect from the sample to make inferences about the population as a whole”.  In Muhammadiyah University of Malang actually ESP program take by the entire student in grade 1 and grade 2. In this study the researcher take stratified proportional random Sampling as the technique to take the sample. In this case the researcher takes the entire student and tries to narrow to get the representative sample.

For Example :          

Grade 1

Grade 2

English Dept

Economical Dept

Technical Dept

English Dept

Economical Dept

Technical Dept

20 %

125 students

A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B
50	55	50	60	50	56	50	57	50	52	50	50

21

22

21

21

20

20

In this study, the data were collected from 125 students of muhammadiyah University of Malang grade 1 and grade 2 as the informants to get more data about the student perception toward ESP program at Muhammadiyah university of Malang.

5. Research Instrument

            The instrument in this study was used to collect the data. In this study, the instruments use Questioners. The questioner is closed-ended questioner or multiple choice questioners. In construct the instrument, the researcher use Likert Scale technique. According to Sugiyono (2009), Likert Scale technique is used to measure an attitude, opinion, perception and phenomenal social group of people. Because of the research about student perception, it is compatible if the researcher use Likert Scale to measure the instrument.

A.   Questioner

            There are two kinds of questionnaire that many researchers usually used (Nazir in Prasetyawan (2010). They are:

1.    Open questionnaire

            This questionnaire is a questionnaire in which the answer of the question is based on respondent condition and situation. It has a wide answer without limited answer because the respondents do not have any option answer.

2.    Close questionnaire

            It is made by the researcher with many option answers. The researcher has already written the answer and asks the respondents to give a checkmark to the answer.

            The researcher uses the second questionnaire to collect the data. It is done because it has already mentioned the answer and asks the respondent to choose. Besides, the respondent can choose more than one answer in one number of questions and it can give no choice in some number because every number asks different responses.

EX: Likert Scale Technique

1.    ESP subject increase student English skill.

a.    Agree

b.    Uncertain

c.    Disagree

2.    I feel ESP just as the formalities.

a.    Agree

b.    Uncertain

c.    Disagree

3.    ESP tries to develop English learning skill.

a.    Agree

b.    Uncertain

c.    Disagree 

6. Data Analysis

            Before analysis the data, the researcher have to measure the data first. To measure the data, the researcher use ordinal scale because the data have nominal characteristics, also has the characteristic form of ranking or hierarchy. For example: there is score in every answered:  Agree: 3, Uncertain: 2, Disagree: 1. after that the data have to analyze. There are some steps to analyze the data, first is coding the data then entering the data, cleaning, output and the last is analyzing the data.

For example:

Respondent	Questioner			Total
	A	B	C
1	3	2	2	7
2	3	2	2	7
3	2	1	1	5
4	2	1	3	6
…,

            In analysis the data, the researcher use statistic descriptive. Statistic descriptive is used in descriptive research to drawing and phenomena from one variable without explain a correlation (Kriyantono, 2007). In this research the data is analyzed from the questioner by using mean and modus analysis technique. In this case the researcher clarifies the respondent score in tree rates, high, medium and low. To clarify the data, the researcher has to have a standard score to make easy in clarification. According to Azwar (2000) to establish the intervals score in every rate is:

Interval= High score – Low score

                                    3

Donald, Ary (2009). Introduction to Research in Education. Noron Downey,             Matrik Production, Inc.

Sugiyono, (2009). Metode Penelitian pendidikan. Bandung. CV.Alvabeta

Aminah, Siti (2007). The Implementation of Teaching Speaking at SMAN 02          Batu. Unpublished Thesis

Prasetyawan, Andhi (2010) A Study on the Media Used by the Teacher of 4           Grade at EYL Practice Teaching 2010. Unpublished Thesis

http://digilib.petra.ac.id/viewer.php?page=4&submit.x=7&submit.y=21&submit=ne            xt&qual=high&submitval=next&fname=%2Fjiunkpe%2Fs1%2Fmbis%2F20            10%2Fjiunkpe-ns-s1-2010-31404190-16708-boga_lestari-chapter3.pdf. accsess June 13, 2011.

Nurdini, Allis. 2006. Cross – Sectional Vs Longitudinal. Universitas Kristen Petra

            (http://www.petra.ac.id/~puslit/journals/dir.php?DepartmentID=ARS,

            `Access June 13, 2011).

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edutainment: Idiolect

edutainment: Idiolect: "CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Movie is a mass media power which can arouse influence toward the audience. It affe..."

Idiolect

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1  Background  of the Study

Movie is a mass media power which can arouse influence toward the audience. It affect in many cases, unfortunately the influences often appear much more in negative and positive. It is indicate that movie has relation with culture and language carried inside in performing in front of public audiences.

Movie not only entertainment but also showing the language richness for each place that reflects its own style language. Mean while language is a media communication which are connected with the other people. Nasr in Mayasari (2005) that “Language is part of culture; it is a part of human behaviors. Language is an acquired habit of systematic vocal activity representing meaning coming from human experiences”. We express our feelings and thoughts through language; it stimulates action and reaction through language. Language is not simply a means of communicating information about weather or any other subject. It also a very important means of establishing and maintaining relationship with other people.

By showing movie, we can use it as our media to learn language. It have relation with sociolinguistic, we can stimulate our mind to learn language by watching movie. “Language is meaning full, the reason the linguist, or anymore else, is interested in studying language is that the sound produced in speech are connected with almost every fact of human life and communication. There relations between the kinds of sounds speakers of various languages make their culture setting” (Dinneen in Mayasari, 2005). Because of the reasons above, the writer takes a movie as the object of the study. Feature movie is “Punk in Love”

“Punk in Love” is Ody C. Harahap movie. The movie that was released in 2009 and played by famous entertains. It reflexes the reality of punk activities, it tale about the friendship and love and did their trip from Malang until Jakarta to find Arok love. The problems carried through this film are when Maya leaving the relationship to Jakarta for married with the other people. At that time, Arok and friends try to follow Maya. In the trip to Jakarta they are mix’s language between Jakarta, Java, and Indonesia in any joke and conversation. But the domination of language in this movie is java language because the story started from Malang.  

In this study, the writer will discuss about idiolect because as pictured in the movie, they are have different origin language and in the movie they are use java language. It is interest to discussing this movie because they are gets difficulties to express java language. Therefore in this study the writer wants to explore the language especially idiolect to make sure that as not Javanese, they can express Javanese idiolect very well.

After knowing the story at glance the writer attract to discuss deeply about the idiolect that used by actors. And than Because of the Javanese is domination in Punk in Love movie. It makes the writer interest to study the idiolect in the “Punk in Love” movie.

1.2  Statement of the study

To limit discussion of the study, the writer states tree problems; they are presented based on the title of the study. They are as follow:

1.         What is idiolect found in punk in love used by main characters?

2.         What kinds of idiolect are used by Arok, Yoji, Almira and Mojo in punk in love movie?    

1.3  Purpose of the Research

In relevance with the statement in the research problems, research is directed to the following purpose:

1.         To describe the idiolect are used by main characters found in punk in love movie.

2.         To know the idiolect that used by Arok, Yoji, Almira and Mojo in punk in love movie.

1.4  Significance of the study

      Hopefully the result of this research can serve as information to the readers especially for the students who interested in Sociolinguistic. After knowing the result of this research, the reader can see the idiolect in the Punk in love movie.

      The study of idiolect on the Punk in Love movie will be useful for the reader especially for student who studied sociolinguistic. They can learn about the idiolect in the movie from this study.

      Finally, if this study came up with the positive idea, it can used to the next investigation on the related study.

1.5  Scope and Limitation of the Study

      It is necessary to make explicit what the study in this research. In this study the scope that can be taken is Punk in Love idiolect.

            So, the writer would like to limit herself in finding out the study of idiolect in the Punk in Love movie. The write necessary limits her topic by stating as in the following:

  a)                This study is focused on analyzing of idiolect in the punk in love movie.

  b)                The subject of this study is the main characters of Punk in Love movie.

1.6  Definition of Key Term

            Avoiding some misinterpretation in this study, the following statement is the brief explanation of some key term:

  a)                Study                 ; is the application of minds to books, arts to any subject for the purpose of the learning. (Webster, 1974:972)

  b)                Idiolect              : "Because each of us belongs to different social groups, we each speak a language variety made up of a combination of features slightly different from those characteristic of any other speaker of the language. The language variety unique to a single speaker of a language is called an idiolect. Your idiolect includes the vocabulary appropriate to your various interests and activities, pronunciations reflective of the region in which you live or have lived, and variable styles of speaking that shift subtly             depending        on        whom  you      are         addressing”.
(Thomas P. Klammer, Muriel R. Schulz, and Angela Della Volpe, Analyzing English Grammar. Longman, 2007).

  c)                Punk in Love     : is the movie object.

  d)                Movie                : is the motion picture that shows us the real movement as universal language, entertaining, lightening and instruction. It is usually shown in the cinemas and theatres, but now we can see it through VCD and DVD. (Mahmudah in sufaat. 2004)

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Language

                        In daily life, people use language to communicate with others since they have learnt about language. What is language? Nasr (1978:1), “Language is a part human behavior. Language is an acquired habit systematic vocal activity representing meaning coming from human experiences”. One can also say, simply, that language is an acquired vocal system for communicating meanings.

             We know that language is medium between speaker and listener. Linguists have found by experiences that there are several characteristics of language that provide a basis for correct description (Dinnen, 1978:9), they are:

1.             Language is sound, the statement that language is sound may appear naturally, since the common experiences all men have of language is in speaking and listening to it. But this statement is meant to point out that the sounds of language come before, and are more important than their representation writing.

2.             Language is systematic. It can be describe in term of a limited number of units that can combine only in a limited number of ways. Language can be represented by string of symbols. An examination of many languages will show that the number of symbols required will not unlimited.

3.             Language is a system of system, all of which operate at the same time but we can distinguish, for the sake of study, the units and combination rules proper to each.

4.             Language is meaningful. The reason the linguist, is interesting to studying language is that the sounds produce in speech are connected with almost every fact of human life and communication. There is relation between the kinds of sounds speakers of various language makes in their culture setting.

5.             Language is arbitrary. When we say arbitrary we are simply pointing out the condition required for the existence of more than one language; that there be no direct necessary connection between the nature of things or ideas language deals with and the linguistic units or combination by which these things or ideas are expressed.

6.             Language is conventional. Language, therefore, can be said to be conventional as a consequents of this apparent agreement. This agreement is not, nor could it be, stated; rather, it is an agreement of fact, of action.

7.             Language is system of contrasts. One reason why a description of a single speaker’s habits can represent the speech of community is that language is a system of differences to be observed.

8.             Language is creative. Language can be understood as a system of patterns and a system of contrasts. Each pattern can be represented by unlimited number of utterances. Each utterance can differ completely in reference from utterances.

9.             Languages are unique. Since languages are arbitrary, systematic patterns of contrasts, each language must be considered unique. For example, two languages may differ in the number of part of speech, or may require quite different combinations of these parts, even though the number is the same.

10.         Languages are similar. All speakers experience the material world about them with the same senses and in basically the same way. The differences in phonological, grammatical, lexical system mentioned above reflect the social organization of speech. While this arbitrary selection of important features of experience makes learning languages that are unrelated to one’s own difficulty, there are still many similarities to be found among different languages

2.2 Linguistics

     Parera (1987:3) says that before 19^th centuries, linguistics was available and studied as a part of philosophic, logic, philology. The question emerged what is our knowledge sources for language analysis. In expert agreement knowledge, which have source on ratio and experience through the five senses is called science. So, linguistics as a science has sourced knowledge about language on ratio and experience through the five senses. Trask in Mayasari (2005:8) makes simply definition about linguistics that “Linguistics is the scientific study of language”.

To begin with, of course, we need to distinguish between an individual language and in general. Most linguistics believes that all individual language necessarily possesses important properties in common. Otherwise, linguistics would be somewhat unrewarding discipline and every individual language is therefore a combination of this universal properties. For much linguistics, universal properties are the greatest interest, but the only one way we can get at these properties is by examining carefully and thoroughly individual language.

2.3 Sociolinguistics

          According to Nababan (1989:2), “sociolinguistics consists of two words; socio and linguistics. Socio is related to society groups. Linguistics is the scientific study of language. So, sociolinguistics is the scientific study of language related to speakers as a part of society;. Some investigators have found it is appropriate to introduce a distinction between sociolinguistics or micro-sociolinguistics and the sociology of language or micro-sociolinguistics. Coulma in Myasari (2005:8) says that micro-sociolinguistics investigates how social structure influences the way people to talk and how language varieties and pattern of use correlate with social attributes such a class, sex and age. On the other hand, macro-sociolinguistics what societies do with they language, there is, attitudes and attachment that account for the function distribution of speech form in society, language shift, maintenance, and replacement, the delimitation and interaction of speech communities.  

Sociolinguistics extends the date beyond the sentence limit, incorporating larges units – conversations, lectures, and rituals. Variation study finds it free play in this approach. It seeks to explain language variation far beyond the borderline of grammar and relates it to the speech situation in which it occurs. (Chaer dan Leonie Agustina 1995:82) Idiolek is variation of languages that have individual sounds.  

2.3.1 Dialect

            According to Nasr (1978:171),”Dialect is variety of language, spoken in a given part of a country, which is different in some word, grammar, or pronunciation, other forms of the same language”. Trask in Mayasari (2005:10) has different definition about dialect. “Dialect is more or less identical regional or socio variety of language. Every language that is spoken over any significant area is spoken somewhat different form in different places: there are regional it dialect”. Moreover, even in a single community, members of social groups may speak the language differently; these different forms are social or sociolect.  It is important to realize that everybody speaks some dialect or other; it is not possible to speak a language without using some dialects.

2.3.1.1 Idiolect           

(Chaer and Leonie Agustina 1995:82) Idiolect is variation of languages that have individual sounds. Idiolect is term that used to sign language variety that is special someone characteristic. Without see the speakers, usually we can know who is speak, from the  intonation pattern and some words that used, we can guess who spoke. Of courser if we know that people before. "Almost all speakers make use of several idiolects, depending on the circumstances of communication. For example, when family members talk to each other, their speech habits typically differ from those any one of them would use in, say, an interview with a prospective employer. The concept of idiolect refers to a very specific phenomenon--the speech variety, or linguistic system, used by a particular individual. All those idiolects that have enough in common to appear at least superficially alike belong to a dialect. The term dialect, then, is an abstraction."(Zdeněk Salzmann, 2003).

The linguist approaches the problem of questioned authorship from the theoretical position that every native speaker has their own distinct and individual version of the language they speak and write, their own idiolect, and the assumption that this idiolect will manifest itself through distinctive and idiosyncratic choices in texts (Halliday et al 1964:75, Abercrombie 1969). Every speaker has a very large active vocabulary built up over many years, which will differ from the vocabularies others have similarly built up not only in terms of actual items but also in preferences for selecting certain items rather than others. Thus, whereas in principle any speaker/writer can use any word at any time, speakers in fact tend to make typical and individuating co-selections of preferred words. This implies that it should be possible to devise a method of linguistic fingerprinting – in other words that the linguistic ‘impressions’ created by a given 4 speaker/writer should be usable, just like a signature, to identify them. So far, however, practice is a long way behind theory and no one has even begun to speculate about how much and what kind of data would be needed to uniquely characterize an idiolect, nor how the data, once collected, would be analyzed and stored; indeed work on the very much simpler task of identifying the linguistic characteristics or ‘fingerprints’ of whole genres is still in its infancy (Biber 1988, 1995, Stubbs 1996).

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design

In this research, the researcher used descriptive research design because the wanted to describe and to interpret the objects being investigated. According to Ari in Mayasari (2005),”descriptive research studies are designed to obtain information concerning the current status phenomena”. This research directed toward determining the nature of situation, as it existed at the research. The purpose of the research is to describe the idiolect are used by main characters of punk in love movie.

In this research, the researcher wanted to know the idiolects are used by main characters of punk in love movie.

3.2 Objective of the Research

            In this research, the researcher conducted to main characters of punk in love movie as object of the research. Because of the limited time, the researcher focused on idiolect of the main characters of punk in love movie.

3.3 Collecting the Data

            The data of this study are conversations in the punk in love movie that exist in the object of the study. The data have been selected on the basis of the purpose of the study. The steps of collecting data of this study are as follows:

1.         Watching the “Punk in Love” movie.

2.         Choosing data dealing with the problem which is going to be investigated.

3.         Selecting the data dealing with the purpose of this study on the movie.

4.         Conducting examining towards the movie object.

3.4 Data Analysis

            To ease in analyzing the data, the researcher follows some steps as present:

1.         Reviewing the data that have been collected.

2.         Pick out the discourses which represent Arok, Mojo, Almira and Yoji as the main characters.

3.         Analysis the data

4.         Drawing conclusions based on analyzing data.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Mayasari, Ika. 2005. An Analysis of Affixation of Jakarta Dialect. Muhammadiyah University of Malang

Sufaat, Okta. 2004. A Study on Don Corleone’s Dictatorship in Mario Puzo’s Film the Godfather. Muhammadiyah University of Malang.

Nasr, Raja.T. 1978. The Essential of Linguistic Science. London: Longman.

Nababan, P.W.J. 1984. Sosiolinguistik Suatu Pengantar. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia.

Parera, Jos Daniel. 1984. Studi Linguistik Umum dan Historis Bandingan, Jakarta: Erlangga.

Utami, Fera.U.2008. Penggunaan Bahasa Jawa Dialect Jawa Timur Dalam Lirik Lagu;Lagu Campursari Koplo Sonny Josz. Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.

Coulthard, Malcolm. Author Identification, Idiolect and Linguistic Uniqueness. www. Google.com

(Thomas P. Klammer, Muriel R. Schulz, and Angela Della Volpe, Analyzing English Grammar. Longman, 2007)

http://blake.prohosting.com/awsm/movie/PUNKINLOVE.mpv